Matriarch by Veil of Maya free essay sample

Veil of Maya is a deathcore or djent band that have only released at least three albums so far. With 2012s Eclipse being one of the shortest full length albums I have ever heard of, and it isnt too bad either. Fast forward three years to Matriarch and now it seems they truly know what theyre doing and seem to show it as well. However, the full fledged review will be on in threetwoone. Matriarch is the bands third full length album album I believe and its one of those album that seems to go by really fast. I guess this is partially due to the incredibly short tracks and to the short length of the album its self. In fact the two shortest tracks are less than 2 minutes in length. Also, it seems as if they tried yo evolve into more of a Mathcore or metalcore based band because of the more frequent cleans on this album seeming reminiscent to bands like Protest the Hero, The Dillinger Escape Plan and As I Lay Dying. We will write a custom essay sample on Matriarch by Veil of Maya or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However the classic VoM sound is still there nonetheless. A quick scan of the titles and you might notice that alot of them are references to geek culture, particularly anime. For example, Aeris is a reference to Final Fantasy, Lucy is a reference to Fairy Tail, and Mikasa is a reference to Attack On Titan and Im sure Ive missed a few. I guess this explains the album cover, it looks like something made in Japan for sure. The music takes on many different forms and likes to morph as well, so you are less likely to get bored of this album. If you do then this probably isnt for you then. The album as a whole isnt too bad but it doesnt have much of the chaos you find in say Eclipse. It is an evolutionary state yes, but I dont feel it as well here. Or maybe deathcore just isnt my thing, one of the too. I give this a 7.5/10. I can sense potential within it which, for the most part, they did succeed, however there were some moments that just felt off. I am the Grim Reaper, signing off.

What Exactly Is 10X Email With Garrett Moon - CoSchedule Blog

What Exactly Is 10X Email With Garrett Moon Blog How is your social media engagement? Are you getting enough shares, traffic, and leads to justify your social promotion strategy? Or, are you scratching your head, wondering how you’re going to win the uphill battle that is social media reach today? According to a recent study by BuzzSumo, Facebook reach alone has fallen 20% for brands in 2017. Note also, that this is even before Facebook’s recent News Feed overhaul. To me, rather than panicking about abysmal organic (and sometimes paid) social media performance, it’s time to invest even more in email. It’s time for 10x Email.    Im reading What Exactly Is 10X Email? by @garrett_moon via @Why Invest In Email Marketing? Have you heard the stats surrounding email ROI? Email is 40x more effective than social media  for customer acquisition. Email averages a 3800% return on investment. Email inboxes are home to 13 hours of employee’s  time per week. For , our email marketing program has been the biggest driver of marketing success, at an average 300% return. Our experience mirrors the numbers experienced by other companies. And if good data is truth, then it’s time every marketer embraces it as a mainstay of their efforts. So, how can you get the most from email marketing? How To 10x Your Email Marketing Results Email marketing is such an integral part of ’s marketing I devoted an entire chapter to doing it right in my book, 10x Marketing Formula. If you get a chance to pick up the book, awesome. But have no fear, I’ll give you an insider’s look at 10x Email Promotion by sharing an excerpt: To monetize an email list requires that you reverse engineer from paying customer to email subscriber. At , the leading indicator, and most important metric for our marketing team to track for success, is trial signups. We know our trial signups will convert to paid customers at a certain rate. We also know that the more email subscribers we get, the more trial signups we get. And because we meticulously measure all conversions  back to their source, we know exactly how many trial signups every email we send should generate. This is important because it’s debunked a marketing myth. Too many marketers are scared of their email lists. They don’t want to send too many emails for fear their audience will unsubscribe. They believe that audiences are fickle and get scared off easily. However, our experience shows that your audience will tolerate daily emails from you if they’re the right fit. And because you’re a 10x marketer creating competition-free content smack dab in the center of your content core, sending fewer emails is simply poor advice. Here’s how we’ve come to see it. To keep the math simple, let’s say we’ve discovered each email will generate ten trial signups so long as we don’t send more than one email per day. Because we’ve measured extensively, we also know that there’s no major uptick in per-email trial signups by sending fewer emails than one per day. So, for us to send any fewer emails would be a huge waste of this major asset. Now, the reason so many marketers are scared of sending too many emails is because they worry about their unsubscribe rates. But here’s a newsflash: unsubscribe rates don’t matter; revenue matters! Also, our data showed that the increase in unsubscribes due to a greater frequency of daily emails was virtually non-existent. Your email sending frequency should be directly linked to what generates the most revenue. So, when it comes to our email list, we’ve learned to value new subscribers above all else. The more new subscribers we have, the more new customers we have. We believe you’ll find this holds true for you, as well. The real trick is how to build an email list filled with the right audience. And that’s exactly what this stage in the 10x Marketing Formula  is all about. From 0 to 250,000 Subscribers In the past four years, we’ve worked hard to figure out what works and what doesn’t in email list building. Through copious testing, plenty of failure, and eventual hockey-stick growth, we’ve learned exactly what’s worked for us. The following strategies have helped us go from zero subscribers to more than 250,000 since our first blog post in March of 2013. Today, we routinely grow by 4,000-plus subscribers each week. We’ve generated these results because, one, every email is extremely relevant to the problems our audience is trying to solve. And two, each email is directly connected to the value itself provides. This means we can quickly grow a list filled with exactly the right people. It grows fast because the content is so damn good- and it’s monetizable because they’re content consumers who will actually turn into customers. It’s worked for the two reasons prior. And we’ve also found a few tactics that consistently amplify our results to the 10x level: Content upgrades  for every blog post Free tools to help solve major marketing problems that intersect with our product Competition-free content  people are desperate not to miss Now, let’s dig into how we use each tactic, what makes them work, and how you can use them in your marketing context. Content Upgrades A content upgrade is a companion resource to content like blog posts. Often, they are things like templates, calculators, worksheets, or any other document that helps your audience put what you’re teaching them into practice. To use them to build an email list, we gate them behind an email opt-in form. So, they get the resource by paying with an email address. This has become pretty standard practice in content marketing. However, at , we routinely craft such comprehensive content upgrades that we believe people would be willing to pay for them. For example, here’s an example of an eight-piece content upgrade bundle for a single blog post. It’s filled with PDFs, spreadsheet templates, and editable worksheets: [PDF] Email list building tips template to help beginners get started [PDF] Email list building guide to help you implement every tactic you learn throughout this blog post. [Worksheet] Email subject line guide to help you increase your open rates [PDF] 500 words to use in your blog titles (and therefore, your email subject lines) [Spreadsheet] Email subject line A/B test spreadsheet template to help you continually improve your subject lines [PDF] Best time to send email guide to help you reach most of your subscribers according to best practices [PDF] Best day to send email Google Analytics custom report to help you use your own data to know the days of the week when your audience opens your email [Custom Report] Best time to send email Google Analytics custom report to help you send emails at the absolute best times when your audience clicks through to read your content These included guides, spreadsheets, templates, and custom Google Analytics reports are dedicated to helping our readers do absolutely everything we’re about to teach them. A Content Upgrade Bundle As of writing this, we have more than 220 content upgrades available in our blog posts and our Marketing Resource Library. Our content upgrades are a core component of meeting our standard of performance of actionability. They’re always custom designed to contour the content we’re creating. And in total, our content upgrades are responsible for well over one hundred thousand email subscribers. The best part about killer content upgrades is that as long as you’re actually showing people how to solve real problems, the upgrades practically write themselves. All you need to do is format your how-to solutions in a spreadsheet, editable document, or even a printable PDF. If you’re providing actionable value, a content upgrade is a natural result. I know what youre thinking: â€Å"I barely have time to write a blog post, much less create a content upgrade.† But what if you just created one fewer post per week and used that time to create a content upgrade? That trade would be worth it, because your list will grow faster even though you’re publishing one less piece per week. That’s a pretty great deal. You could even follow Pat Flynn’s lead  and create one content upgrade per month that’s incorporated into every post. This is super efficient, super smart, and undeniably effective. The bottom line here is you should weigh content upgrades as heavily important in your content mix. They allow your value to travel farther, make your content more actionable, and help grow email lists. They’re well worth the investment, and too important to skip. Content upgrades are well worth the investment, and too important to skip. #10xEmailTools After content upgrades, our most effective list-building drivers have been free tools. Our top three tools for list building have been Headline Analyzer, Click-To-Tweet  WordPress Plugin, And the Social Message Optimizer. Here are the email subscribers each tool has produced. Headline Analyzer In just twenty-four months, the Headline Analyzer tool has contributed about 20 percent of our total list growth. Subscribers Generated:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  55,040 Timeframe:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  24 months WordPress Plugin In 2013, we built a social sharing plugin called â€Å"† for WordPress. It’s a smart little tool that allows anyone with a WordPress blog to craft readymade tweets for their readers to share with just a click or tap. We gave it away for free, and today, it’s used on over ten thousand websites. This has also helped build our email list, because when you give away stuff that’s this good, people want to know what else you have to offer. Subscribers Generated:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7,407 Timeframe:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 months Social Message Optimizer Our Social Message Optimizer is a free tool that helps marketers write better messages that boost engagement, build trust, drive traffic, and spark conversions. It allows users to type in their message, select which social network it’s written for, and then let our sophisticated algorithm score it. It helps them capture more eyeballs with their messages, getting even more likes, comments, shares, and clicks. It does all this by optimizing according to proven best practices and real data from 6.9 million social media messages analyzed by our team. Subscribers Generated:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1,806 Timeframe:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 months Bonus: Email Subject Line Tester As a bonus, our free Email Subject Line Tester  recently launched! Just like our Headline Analyzer, the Email Subject Line Tester is rocket-fueled by real-world data to analyze, score, and suggest optimization for your email subject lines. This means you can write click-worthy subject lines every single time - for free! With this free tool, you can: Drive  more  opens Get more  clicks Enjoy more  conversions Supercharge your subject lines today with this amazing tool.

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Questions - Assignment Example Rules 4 and 5 are the most appealing because by adding value to the audiences’ life, marketers reap my seeing their efforts rewarded through improved sales turnover and ultimately profitability. Simplicity: The whole concept was very simple to understand and put into practical use. Given the entire process is done on one platform; Facebook, consumers found it convenient to download the App, make their cases to friends on why they deserved the piece and finally redeem the virtual and real pizza from the same online platform. Social Connection: The social element that involves sharing not only the fun involved in lobbying for a price but also sitting together for a real meal inn the end made the campaign add tangible social value to users. Uniqueness: At the time of its launch, there were not many campaigns that could convert virtual to real gifts and this distinctive aspect of the campaign made it stand out and eventually successful. The unique aspect of this campaign and millions of Facebook users gives Pizza Hut a reason to replicate this in the U.S with guaranteed success. The social aspect of the human race knows no geographic boundaries and the flavor this campaign added to friendships in Australia are what it would add to consumers of pizza in any part of the world, the U.S included. Pizza Hut should therefore replicate this campaign in the U.S before competitors come up with similar projects. Chiat Strategic Excellence Awards. (2011) Jay Chiat Awards Winners | "Feed a Friend: Leveraging the Natural Fit Between Loyalty and Social Media". 4As Jay Chiat Awards for Strategic Excellence. Retrieved March 11, 2013, from

Science Reported in Media vs. Scholarly Sources Research Paper

Science Reported in Media vs. Scholarly Sources - Research Paper Example the inner part of the eyelid can become so scarred in such a severe fashion that the whole eyelid could actually turn inwards and cause the lashes to rub on the eyeball which results in the scarring of the front part of the eye- the cornea. If this infection is not treated repeatedly and timely, this infection can even lead to the development of an irreversible corneal opacities and eventually even blindness. Trachoma is a rather common infection affecting a total of about 21.4 million people all over the world out of which some 2.2 million have become visually impaired and some 1.2 million are completely blind. The severity of this disease is clear from the fact that it was considered an epidemic and not only any infection outbreak. Trachoma is presently responsible for an overly large 3% of the total world’s blindness. This number however keeps varying because of socio-economic development effects and several different control programmes put in place for curbing the threat of this disease. In spite of several measures being placed, trachoma still widely carry its status of an hyper endemic in several of the extremely poor and very remote and poor rural areas in the continent of Asia, Africa, Australia, Central and South America and the Middle East. The patterns of active trachoma emerge majorly during the early adulthood and during middle-ages. In hyper endemic areas, trachoma is most common in children who ate attending preschool and the rates of prevalence of trachoma are as high as 60-90%. It like most diseased has the potential to majorly affect the most vulnerable members of the society and has a severe affect on children and women. Surprisingly, adult women as compared to men are at a huger risk of being affected by the complication that results in trachoma leading to eventual blindness. The major reason for this trend is that perhaps women spend greater amount of time with young children who are considered the major source of this heinous

Designing VB Applications Across Multiple Platforms Essay

Designing VB Applications Across Multiple Platforms - Essay Example It enables the programmers to create a source code that is specific, easy to read, and explicit. Some of the advantages of implementing the naming convention system are: It supports the use of the tools used for searching and replacing, which has minimal possible of incurring an error. It makes it clear for one to understand the source code since ambiguity will is made minimal. It gives the source code a look that is professional-like. It also gives the code an aesthetic look. So we can conclude that the naming convention beautifies the code. It facilitates consistency, hence enabling the readers to base their focus on the content of the source code, rather that its layout. In the code, the content as opposed to the layout is the most important. It gives extra information about the source code, hence making it easy for the reader to understand the code. This additional information makes the code to be self-descriptive. The user is able to understand the function of each line of code. One is able to make amendments and maintain the source code with ease. It makes it easy for other programmers to easily understand your code. This enables other programmers to be able to upgrade your code with ease in future. ... The unit is supposed to come last, starting with an underscore and without being cased. The use of the Option Explicit. This statement entails the declaration of all variables used in the Visual Basic code. Declaring of variables helps in saving on the programming time, by minimizing the amount of bugs caused as a result of typos (Snell & Powers 2010). The following steps can be used to create a calendar scheduling system: On the Start Menu, Go to All Program, then the Windows Calendar. Click on the New Task Button, or the New Appointment’s Button. This enables one to start on a new and an empty appointment that one can add on their Windows Calendar. One is now able to add information on the new appointment. This is done on the details pane. This is where one specifies whether they want the Windows Calendar to remind them about the task. Click anywhere outside of the Appointment’s Pane to view the task that you added to the created appointment. The View Button enables o ne to make a cycle throughout the views. One can be able to select the required view from the sequence of views. A Calendarscope is a calendar developing software that enables one to plan, manage, and schedule special events, for instance meetings, appointments, among others. It enables one to view all their events on a daily, a weekly, a monthly, or a yearly basis. One can be able to get a quick glance of one day using any view of the calendar. Using this software, one can be able to create single or frequent responsibilities and events, set a reminder for events that are upcoming, put different colors for the different types of items, among other things. It supports many features, among them the drag

Community Development for Race and Diversity

Community Development for Race and Diversity Design or evaluate any practice within the field of Community Development aimed at managing race and diversity. Introduction: According to the International Federation of Social workers, the definition of social work is given as follows: â€Å"The social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Utilizing theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work† (from IFSW General meeting, Canada, 2000 in ifsw.org). Social work can be theoretically represented as an interrelated system of values that uses a mix of theory and practice to address the communication and transaction of people with their society and environment. Social work and social policies aim to fulfill people’s goals and wishes by helping them to develop their full potential and to either overcome or prevent any kind of dysfunction. Ethics are important as social workers promote equality and work for the oppressed to facilitate their social inclusion (Mullender, 2003). Social work research and practice have provided knowledge and means of evaluation of social work practices, which are specific to situations. Individuals are affected by multiple bio-psycho-social factors in the society, family and environment (Donald et al, 1992). Theories of human development and behaviour help in the analysis of the influences of social and cultural changes on behavior highlighting the injustice and inequality in society. Social workers thus help in affecting changes in societies, families and in people’s lives. Social work and policy is based on the universal humanitarian and democratic ideals promoting Human rights and Social justice. Social workers also respond to crises and emergency situations and also provide counseling and advise to help people overcome their personal, social and long term problems. Thus a social worker is expected to be skilled and should focus on the holistic development of the individual or society. Social work and policies can affect individual psychological processes or can involve planning and development for society at large. Some of the common activities that social worker engage in are counseling, group social work, clinical work, family therapy and treatment, education and advise, and emergency relief work. Social workers are also involved in administration and policy making along with political involvement for economic and social development of the community. Although promo ting human rights, justice and equality are universal aims of all social policies, the way social workers engage in community development tend to vary from one place to another depending on cultural, historical and social factors (Arredondo, 1996). In this essay we will discuss community development considering the perspective of racial diversity and focus on the cooperation between mainstream groups and minority ethnic groups that should be necessary aspect of social work. We discuss inter-racial interaction and community participation as important in social development and promoting more interracial interaction seems to be a crucial practice in social work that can help change attitudes of people towards other ethnic groups. Race and Community Development White (2002) challenges the intentional ‘colour-blind’ attitude towards community development, which he says is impractical and masks and at the same time highlights the centrality of race in any community development agenda. White identifies three dimensions of development namely, the material outcomes, the techniques of transformation and the modes of knowing. He emphasizes on an analysis of racial diversity and fluidity between racial groups and citing Omi and Winant’s work suggests that development comprises of racial formation which is made up of a vast range of diverse and contradictory racial projects linking the meaning of ethnic, racial and national identities. Akdere (2005) suggests that the meaning of race, social class, culture and ethnicity have changed considerably in the last few years and continues to evolve considering the rapid changes in social structure. There has been tremendous growth of diverse populations in neighborhoods and administrative policy changes have forced community leaders to approach organizational engagement with great diversity. Akdere used appreciative inquiry method to achieve a satisfactory participation level among community people to encourage dialogue between participants and promote systematic thinking and practice. The paper supports the use of Appreciative Inquiry method as an appropriate method of systematic practice. Problems associated with the current empirical measurement of ethnic diversity within economic development have been examined by Okediji (2005). Ethnic diversity variables include race, religion, and the measures on these aspects are compared with other variables on ethnicity. The study cites related results to suggest that disparities and differences in ethnic diversity among countries are not as great as assumed generally. Okediji suggests that a comprehensive and accurate measure of ethnic diversity is not just related only to a linguistic measurement that defines ethnicity butt there are other factors as well. Diversity and race differences are closely related as a proper understanding of racial variations sometimes serve as the basis of both racial classifications and also ethnic diversity. Barbujani (2005) suggests that all humans belong to a few biological types or races and evolved in isolation although modern genetics have not been able to find any significant differences in the genetic structures of humans belonging to different racial types. Thus racial labels have not been associated with clear genetic structures. Most scientists however still insist that racial classifications have a genetic and scientific basis and this fact may be even indispensable in epidemiology. However all classifications of race based on the smallest genetic evidence have been useless or controversial and there is still no proper consensus on the number or definitions of different human races. The author highlights that there is a geographic structure in human genome diversity and it is also possible to in fer the continent of origin of a particular race from an individual’s genotype although any clear genetic boundaries necessary to recognize relatively isolated mating units or races have not yet been identified. Barbujani points out that allele frequencies and synthetic descriptors of genetic variation are distributed over different gradients across the planets suggesting a sort of gene flow rather than isolation of different mating groups. Interracial mixing seems to shape human genome diversity although the paper clearly states that a better understanding of the patterns of human diversity can be understood by examining the evolutionary processes that is absolutely important for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools of individual genotypes rather than race specific genotypes which is not yet clearly defined or identified. Shaw and Barrett-Power (2005) emphasize that diversity is a crucial factor in organizational life as all organizations, whether professional or social are becoming increasingly diversified in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, age, nationality, origin and personality patterns of members of the group. There have been very few studies giving the exact impact of diversity on group or organizational culture or on small group processes or performances. Some influences of diversity on organizational culture are definitely positive although effects may be negative while in certain situations, there may be no effects at all. The developments and influences of diversity in a group may be explained by using the group-development model that helps in examining the impact of diversity on group processes and performance. This model is based on concepts of Jackson et al (1995) and Milliken and Martin (1996) (in Shaw et al, 2005), and shows that diversity does have considerable influence on group dev elopment and performance. The aspects and concepts considered in the model are personal attributes of group members which are detectable and underlying as well as cognitive paradigm dissimilarities, costs and rewards, diversity management skills, cognitive performance resources and integration of group behaviour. The components of the model are discussed and the specific hypothesis is that social group performance may be positively or negatively affected by diversity. Several research studies have tried to understand the exact equation between racial characteristics, neighbourhood contexts and development. Marschall and Stolle (2004) argue that socioeconomic and racial characteristics of an individual’s environment not only influences group consciousness and solidarity but also views of the society towards minority and majority ethnic groups. The paper points out that context, social interaction and inter-racial experiences combine to shape general psychological orientations. The authors conduct a neighbourhood level analysis examining race, racial attitudes, social interactions and residential patterns to study the attitudes towards ethnicity and race issues. Marschall and Stolle emphasize that the neighbourhood context plays an important role in shaping civic orientations although diversity and interracial interaction and settings o promote such interaction seems to be crucial to develop a generalised inter-racial trust for the developmen t of the community. Increased sensitivity towards diversity and interracial interaction is important to promote social and community development. This is also true in college campuses and in a study by Chang et al (2004) national longitudinal data from a set of college students was used to examine the educational relevance of cross racial interaction and the way the campuses can best utilise such opportunities. The results of most similar studies suggest that cross racial interaction has positive effects on students intellectual, social psychological and civic development. Chang and colleagues suggested that a large proportion of students of colour should be enrolled in institutions and students should be offered more opportunities to live and work on campus. The paper suggests that white students definitely gain in psychological and social experiences when they interact with students from the ethnic minority although cross racial interaction may not be completely advantageous for students of colour. Ho wever, despite these differences, cross racial interaction remains an important component for development of attitudes of tolerance and this is an essential aspect of social development of the community in general. More on the relationship of adult learning, especially in universities with ethnic and cultural diversity has been studied by Osler and Starkey (2000). This study focused on distance learning students of French language and culture highlighting the political importance of language learning within the European context. All foreign language learning policies are meant to have an impact on the development of democratic participation and citizenship rights. Few students are asked to give opinions on questions of identity and treatment of racism or different races suggesting the links between racism and discourses on modernity and identity. Language learning has been considered as a reflexive process and through learning, students gain their own perspectives on their own culture as well as other foreign cultures. Students are encouraged to present their own views and actively participate in understanding foreign cultures to promote diversity in study situations. However the authors argue that ‘positive representations of multiculturalism within language learning courses are likely to prove inadequate in enabling students to identify the barriers to democratic participation’. The different themes that are considered here are immigration, integration and identity although the structural barriers of participation are also identified. The paper stressed on the need to encourage students to deepen their understanding of race, modernity and identities in their own society. In another relevant and similar study, Shields (2000) argue how curriculum development in school is closely related to the portrayal of the school as communities. Shields suggests that in the modern complex and heterogeneous public schools, where all types of students with different ethnic and racial backgrounds interact, the notion of schools as complete homogeneous communities with shared beliefs, norms and values seem inadequate. Ethnic and racial differences must be used as a resource, according to the author and ideas of feminism, multiculturalism and inclusive education have to be used to develop the concept of school communities. The advantages of multicultural and racial diversity are highlighted here and the major advantages are that increased interaction between racial groups whereas the disadvantage is that there are possibilities of increased fragmentation and polarisation as well. However on a positive note as pointed out in the paper the differences can be used as basis or foundation for community development so that marginalisation of others can lead to barriers. Shields points out that, ‘Explicitly embracing the need to identify and respect difference, being open to new ideas without taking an exclusionary position, and committing to ongoing participation in dialogical processes may help schools to develop as more authentic communities of difference’(Shields, 2000, p.275). Thus communities of difference can still be communities that can live and work together learning from and respecting each other and this co-existing culture should be promoted in climates of turbulent educational culture and new reforms based on tolerance and co-existence can help restructure schools to ensure that all students regardless of race have the same opportunities and quality of instruction. Some of the proposals of improving interaction in student community and improving the status of schools as communities involve modifying leadership in the community and government structures, as well as overcoming existing power bases, developing mechanisms of accountability, enhancing professionalism and coordinating for adequate distribution of community resources. Citing Barth 1990, Fuller 1993, Shields suggest that the focus on schools as organizations should change to recognize schools as communities by themselves, given the diversity of students enrolled. However as argued there is very little understanding of the concept of community and what it looks and how the concept of community can be implemented in a school setting and what has to be done about it. Theories of schools as communities have been drawn from Tonnies’ concept of gemeinschaft which however is based more on a romanticised view of the past than on improving education in modern dynamic, complex and heterog eneous schools which can be seen as communities (Shields cites Beck and Kratzer, 1994). Several other writers cited by Shields are Fine (1997) and Furman (1998) and they have also advanced notions of communities, of racial coexistence as well a cultures of differences of otherness among different ethnic groups. Many authors have suggested that rather than considering schools as communities because of its affiliation to established norms, values or traditions, schools should be considered as communities by virtue of its racial and ethnic diversity. A school community in which differences are highlighted can add to community development and mutual sharing of values and ideals only when there is a common core principle established to negotiate and iron out differences and disparities in beliefs and values as participants would learn to respect and listen to each other. Bonds and boundaries among school students of different racial backgrounds are constructed, not forcefully but via res pect and open communication. Shields, as other many researchers have worked with many schools to address the needs of diverse student bodies and have become increasingly aware of the limitations of the concept of community which is described with an emphasis on shared values, norms, beliefs and highlight a question by Barth (1990): ‘How can we make conscious, deliberate use of differences in social class, gender, age, ability, race, and interest as resources for learning?’ (p. 514). Shields points out that gender, race and ability are the three elements of differences that can define or help understand an educational community. As the author points out , both theory and practice should be used to suggest how the implications of reflections on theory and practice can help to reconceptualise and improve social policy making, community development and social work practice. Shields paper aims to give an analysis of schools as communities of difference as well as communities of diversity. Differences and diversity are both dealt with from the perspective of changes in society although there may be many problems inherent in such inter-racial coexistence. The use of diversity as a means of thinking about or defining community makes differences an essential part of an interactive society and social workers seem to have an important role in promoting unity and interaction in diversity and difference. Evidence of Racial Diversity Racial diversity and cultural differences are issues not just in schools and smaller communities but also in many workplaces, hospitals and clinical settings. Racial diversity is part of women’s social issues, in technical work groups, in developing leadership qualities and management programs. Several practices to manage racial diversity within the community aims at improving intercultural relations, along with promoting improved communication and interaction among different ethnic groups (Rutherford, 1990). This in turn improves leadership and management skills of people and serves the greater goal of community development. Feminist theories and perspectives are in focus when we discuss workplace differences and many scholars realize that to increase potentialities and opportunities for women in the workplace gender awareness has to be replaced by multicultural awareness. Betters-Reed and Moore (1995) emphasize the need to explain the current management development paradigm that does not recognize diversity among women. They suggest a new all-inclusive paradigm for establishing a successful multicultural organization where opinions of all women as well as members of ethnic communities could be brought to light. The initial stages of individual and organizational awareness of understanding yet reconciling with differences is followed by the recognition that women also need to be treated equally in the field of management. There is a growing need to shift new approaches, attitudes and paradigms that recognizes women’s roles to replace older values in existing management development practices. Case Study: For our case study we conducted interviews on 150 social members, all British citizens from the northern part of Yorkshire in the UK. Among the 150 community members 50, were from the Muslim faith of Arabic origin, 50 from Christian community within Europe, and the remaining 50 from Asian Hindu faith. The attitudes of all community towards members of other communities were studied using a questionnaire and a five-point scale. The questionnaire consisted of 100 questions and the answers ranged from strongly agree to agree, to neutral to disagree and strongly disagree. The questions were targeted to find out about the attitudes, whether positive or negative towards other different racial, ethnic or religious groups. All the responses were taken on a five-point scale and scores were then put through statistical analysis to get the results. Questions ranged from ‘you feel comfortable in the presence of members of other religious groups’ to ‘you are complete ly against inter-racial or inter-religious marriage or relationships of any kind’. Following statistical analysis of the results we aim to promote inter-racial interaction by designing community programs that would necessitate or encourage participation of all ethnic, racial and religious groups. Our inter-cultural and inter-racial interaction program is thus aimed at promoting social harmony and friendship and positive relations among different ethnic and religious groups within the particular region of northern Yorkshire in Britain. As we have seen from all the research evidence discussed, greater and more central role of women, developing leadership and management perspectives as well as an open racial policy in schools and hospitals can actually help in leading a community towards improved community development and evolved inter-racial relations. Our social work practice community program was based on the following features: Promoting inter-racial group activities Promoting and encouraging inter-racial and inter-cultural programs Encouraging women to take initiative in community development Developing active leadership programs Inter-racial culture and interactive associations to be promoted ion community centers, clubs, hospitals, libraries, workplaces, schools and religious institutions. Considering these features and results from our initial study which suggested that there are huge cultural differences in how other communities are perceived by ethnic or racial groups, we suggest that promotion of a ‘dialogue culture’ and greater interaction among community members in all walks of life is essential for promotion of diversity and cultural unity. Conclusion In this essay we highlighted several studies that have emphasized on the need for promoting an interracial culture to encourage diversity in all aspects of life. A case study discussed here shows the differences in opinions of different cultural and racial groups in their perception of other ethnic groups. Following the initial study, we mentioned the importance of women’s role, leadership, management goals, and focus on group discussion and interracial participation in cultural and social programs as important in promoting diversity and racial sensitivity. We stressed on the need for ‘interaction’ and suggested that a practice of group discussions, organized community work, and regular meetings of different community members promoted by social workers can go a long way in changing a society of differences and diversity, into a society of unity, sharing and intercultural dialogue. Bibliography AKDERE, MESUT, February 2005,  Appreciative Inquiry: A Field Study of Community Development  Systemic Practice and Action Research  Volume 18, Number 1, pp. 21-34(14) Kluwer Academic Publishers ARREDONDO, P. 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History of the Computer :: essays papers

History of the Computer The history of the computer can be dated back for years and years and there is still much more to learn and know as we advance our knowledge with this technology. Webster's Dictionary defines computer as, â€Å"any programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data† (A brief 2004). The core word compute in computer has been termed for over 2000 years. In the beginning, a wooden rack holding strings by two horizontal bars was the very first calculator recorded. The beads were manually moved around by the user and were only used by the user who knew the rules of programming in order for the wooden calculator to be accurate. It is said that the wooden calculator was able to do all regular arithmetic (Meyers 2001). The many different parts of a computer as we now know it did not just appear in one machine created by one person. Starting in the 1640’s, many people began to work on machines that would mechanize tasks, with results that we still use today (In the beginning 2004). Records exist of earlier machines, but Blaise Pascal invented the first hand powered commercial calculator that can add numbers entered with dials (Meyers 2001). He is credited with building the first digital calculator. Although attempts to multiply mechanically were made by Gottfried Liebnitz in the 1670s the first true multiplying calculator appears in Germany shortly before the American Revolution (A brief 2004). Charles Xavier created the first successful calculator which was able to add, subtract, multiply, and divide (Meyers 2001). In the early 1800’s, Charles Babbage began a life long quest for a programmable machine. (A brief 2004). He invented machines that are called as calculating engines. Engine number one was the first successful automatic calculator that was able to work on its own. This calculator consisted of over 2000 parts (The early 1996). A large problem that Babbage had would be many engineering problems which would not allow his engines to work correctly. He is remembered and is important to computer history because of his idea for the machines. His basic ideas of how the machine would process information is still used to this day (In the beginning 2004). As the late 1800’s came around, a man named Herman Hollerith developed a computing machine that can read into punched cards.